Reactor Engineering
نویسنده
چکیده
Reactor and reaction engineering play a vital role in petroleum and chemical processing. The aim of this article is to acquaint the reader with the interaction between reactor design=selection and the characteristics of the chemical reaction of interest. Reactor selection and design are the basis of economical and safe operation. Chemical reactions in petroleum refining include a huge spectrum of unique properties. This includes how the reactants are contacted, whether a catalyst is used, how much heat is evolved or absorbed, and how fast the reaction takes place. This article guides the reader in selecting and designing reactors that will best carry out the reactions of interest. The reactor types discussed focus on those in a petroleum refinery, but many can be used in chemical processing as well. This article first describes the ideal reactor types, namely batch, plug flow, and completely mixed reactors. Then, the petroleum reactors are discussed based on whether the reaction occurs in the vapor, liquid, or mixed vapor–liquid phase. More specifically, the naphtha-processing reactors are examined first, then gradually moving to heavier hydrocarbons, like kerosene and distillate, that react partially in the liquid and gas phases, and finally ending with a discussion on reactors processing heavy hydrocarbons like petroleum residuum, which reacts completely in the liquid phase.
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